Recieved: Nov.24,2008 Accepted: Nov.27,2008 Corresponding: LiHui.Fudan@gmail.com
人类语言基本元音体系的多样性分析
李辉
复旦大学生命科学学院现代人类学教育部重点实验室,上海 200433; 耶鲁大学医学院遗传学系人类多态性研究实验室,美国 康州 新港 06520
摘要:人类语言的各类音素中,元音相对比较简单,在全世界语种间的多样性也比较容易分析。本文收集了世界主要语系的621种语言和方言的元音体系,分析了基本元音 音位总量和元音音系类型的多样性分布。基本元音音位总量在世界语言中从2到20不等,其地理分布很不均衡,体现为欧亚大陆的语言基本元音总量整体偏大,其中日耳曼语和吴语最大,而美洲和澳洲则整体偏小。通过把音 位转化为数字,世界语言的元音音系多样性可以用遗传学中线粒体多态性的网络结构分析方法。网络结构分析发现,最常见的aeiou的五元音音系类型可能是人类语言最原始的元音音系,处于网络结构的唯一扩散中心。其他音系类型可能都是从五元音音系经历不同的过程演化而成的。语音数字化对于语言学的统计分析有启发意义。
关键词:元音 音位;多样性;网络结构分析;地理分布
收稿日期:2008年11月24日 修回日期:2008年11月27日 联系人:李辉LiHui.Fudan@gmail.com
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附表1 世界主要语种的基本单元音
Supplement table 1 The basic vowel systems of the major languages in the world [XLS]
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