COM.on C.A.3:e3/13-46     Online published on Apr. 22, 2009.
doi:10.4236/coca.2009.31003
REPORT
Migration and Diversification of Mitochondrial Haplogroup N in East Asians

CHEN Zhiyong

China Dinasour Forum, Shanghai 200085 China


ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial superhaplogroup N is one of the three dominant haplogroups M, N and R in the East Asians. Here published sequences and data of haplogroup N in East Asia were collected and the phylogenesis was reconstructured. The origin of the N lineage of East Asians (A, N9a, Y, N9b, etc.) was found to be beside Tonkin Bay, not in Central Asia but in Southeast Asia. Time estimates suggested that superhaplogroup N most probably arrived in Southeast Asia 50 thousand years ago, and started to expand in mainland of East Asia around 25-20 thousand years ago. Geographic analyses showed that middle China was the diffusion center of the downstream haplogroups A, N9a, and Y, indicating haplogroup N might be associated to Hmong-Mien, especially to the ancient “Miao Man”. Therefore, the ancient population with the haplogroup N might be defined as “proto-Hmong”. Further analyses showed that haplogroup N distributes not only in Hmong from Hunan but also in the neighboring Han Chinese and other minorities. Present Hmong is not the only descendant of “proto-Hmong” but one of those descendant sharing haplogroup N.

Key words: Mitochondria; Haplogroup N; East Asia; Tonkin Bay; Migration; Hmong-Mien

Recieved: Mar.8, 2009   Accepted: Apr. 21,2009  Corresponding: nickchen1@vip.sina.com


《现代人类学通讯》第三卷e3篇 第13-46页  2009年4月22日网上发行

研究报告

东亚人群线粒体N系单倍群的迁徙分化

陈致勇

中国恐龙网论坛, 上海 200085

 

摘要:线粒体N系单倍群是东亚人母系线粒体遗传M、N和R三大系统之一。本文在汇总大量亚洲东部族群线粒体N系单倍群序列和数据的基础上,通过重建系统发生学关系,明确了东亚人的N世系(A、N9a、Y、N9b等)直接源自北部湾地区,应为东南亚起源而非中亚起源。年代测算表明N系单倍群很可能在5.0万年前已到达东南亚地区,在东亚大陆大规模扩张的时间大致始于2.5-2.0万年前。地理分析显示,华中地区是N系下游单倍群A、N9a和Y扩散分化和集中分布的主要地区,暗示N系单倍群可能与苗瑶族系,特别是与古代的苗蛮民族有着密切的联系。因而可将N系单倍群所属的史前族群视为“原始苗人”。但进一步的分析显示N系单倍群的成分不仅存在于湖南苗族的母系遗传中,也大量流入了周边汉族和其他少数民族群体中。表明在母系遗传上湖南苗族不是史前“原始苗人”的唯一直系后裔,而只是分享其母系遗传的众多后继者之一。

关键词线粒体;N系;单倍群;东亚;北部湾;迁徙;苗瑶

收稿日期:2009年3月8日  修回日期:2009年4月21日 联系人:陈致勇 nickchen1@vip.sina.com


全文链接 Full text: [PDF]
 

附件

附表1.各族群mtDNA数据来源文献与数据库信息一览表

Supplementary table 1. Resources for the mtDNA data of population samples

http://COMonCA.org.cn/PDF/2009/COMONCA03-003S.doc 

网上资源

GenBank, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/

CLC Free Workbench 4.5.1, http://www.clcbio.com/index.php?id=28

Network 4.5.0.0, http://www.fluxus-engineering.com/sharenet.htm

Sufer 8.0, http://www.goldensoftware.com/products/surfer/surfer.shtml

 

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