COM.on C.A.4:e26/163-171
Online published on
Dec.16, 2010.doi:10.4236/coca.2010.41026
COM.on C.A.4:e26/163-171
Online published on
Dec.16, 2010.Maria Rita PALOMBO
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; CNR, “Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria”, Roma 00185, Italy
First Paragraph: It is widely accepted that our own Homo genus originated sometime around the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary in Africa. Homo remains are first reported at about 2.34 Ma [1], but archaeological evidence at Gona, in Ethiopia, may indicate an earlier appearance of this taxon from around 2.6 Ma [2]. Although scholars disagree as to the ancestor of the human clade, it could rationally be expected that, as a primate, this ancestor was in some way ecologically dependent on arboreal environments, particularly woodlands. Thereby, it has long been assumed that human evolution was primarily linked to a general cooling trend accompanied by increasing aridity and seasonality, which the Earth’s climate system experienced around the Middle Miocene, intensifying during the later Pliocene and Pleistocene [3]. For instance, Vrba [4], analysing biotic changes and hominid evolutionary events in Africa during this time, suggested a number of hypotheses and predictions that link the climatic changes towards cooler, more arid and open environments, to the main events in hominid evolution, including the “massive geographical expansion of “Homo erectus”. Moreover, climate changes are thought to have exerted selective pressures, favouring large brains and cultural evolution [5-7], and, according to the ‘Variability Selection Hypothesis’, significant aspects of hominin evolution (bipedality, brain expansion, stone tool production as well as migration and dispersal) would have been promoted by amplified long-term climate fluctuations [8-10].
Recieved: Oct.10, 2010 Accepted: Dec.12, 2010 Corresponding: mariarita.palombo@uniromal.it
《现代人类学通讯》第四卷e26篇 第163-171页 2010年12月16日网上发行
会议摘要
气候对真人属进化史及早期人类行为和扩散有否影响及其程度：探索此热点问题的答案
玛丽娅•瑞塔•帕龙波
罗马智慧大学地球科学系，意大利 罗马 00185
首节：
众所周知，在上新世更新世分界时，我们人类在非洲起源。在早期报道中人类遗迹最早可追溯至234万年前[1]，然而埃塞俄比亚的戈纳地区的考古学证据却可能将人类出现的时间推至约260万年前 [2]。尽管学者们在人类的祖先是什么的问题上莫衷一是，但我们的祖先作为灵长类，那么从生态学角度考虑，多树的环境，特别是森林地带，在一定程度上是其赖以生存所必需的。因而，一直以来我们认为人类进化是和中新世的气候环境紧密联系的，中新世时全球逐渐变冷，并伴随着干旱加剧和季节性增强，而这一趋势又在上新世晚期和更新世被加强 [3]。例如，在分析了上述时期发生在非洲的生物变化和人类进化事件后，Vrba[4]提出一系列的假说和预测：当时，气候逐渐变冷，雨量减少，干旱接踵而至，茂密的森林逐渐稀疏以至大部分消失，剩下了大片的开阔空地，这些环境的变化是与人类进化的重大事件包括“直立人地理上大规模扩散”等相联系。另外，有研究发现气候变化作为选择压力使人类脑容量增大，并促进了文化的不断进步 [5-7]。而且，根据“变异选择假说”，长周期气候波动促进了人类进化的某些重大进展(两足行走、脑容量增大、石器工具的生产、迁徙和分布等)的出现 [8-10]。1.
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