Robin DENNELL1*, María MARTINÓN-TORRES2, José María BERMÚDEZ DE CASTRO2
1. Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S102TN UK; 2. National Research Center for Human Evolution (CENIEH), Burgos 09002 Spain
FIRST PARAGRAPH: In a recent paper [1], we attempted to explain how how the variability of the fossil hominin sample in Early and Middle Pleistocene Europe could be largely explained as a result of repeated population dispersals, fragmentation, and re-combinations of surviving populations inside Europe in response to both long-term (Milankovich-length) and shorter, millennia-length (sub-Milankovich) climatic fluctuations, and also as a result of repeated episodes of immigration from Southwest Asia. We proposed a model based on population “sinks” and “sources”: “source” populations would have lived in those parts of southern Europe where hominins could have survived glacial periods, and “sink” populations would have been those where occupation was possible in temperate and interglacial intervals, such as in northern Europe. Spain and Britain are two examples of where “source” and “sink” populations may have been located. On our model, many “sink” populations would have become extinct when environmental conditions deteriorated. We suggested that local extinctions outside refugia would have been frequent, as an alternative to an “ebb and flow” model in which groups retreated to refugia when conditions worsened. In extreme situations (such as the maxima of glacial periods, when populations were at their lowest), even southern Europe may have been a population “sink” that was replenished from source populations in Southwest Asia.
Recieved: Oct.10, 2010 Accepted: Dec.2, 2010 Corresponding: r.dennell@sheffield.ac.uk
《现代人类学通讯》第四卷e52篇 第221-222页 2010年12月16日网上发行
会议摘要
中更新世中国和欧洲的古人口学、气候多变性和古人类的多样性
罗宾•丹尼尔1*
, 玛丽娅•马蒂农-多乐思2, 约瑟•玛丽娅•百慕大-德-卡斯特罗2
1 设菲尔德大学北门所考古学系,英国 设菲尔德S102TN;2 国家人类进化研究中心,西班牙 布尔戈斯09004
首节:在最近的一篇文章中[1],我们试图解释欧洲早中更新世的古人类化石多样性的成因,这种多样性很大程度上源于或长(米兰科维奇周期)或短(亚米兰科维奇千年周期)的气候波动影响下幸存的人类群体的不断扩散、分化和融合,同时也源于西亚移民的不断迁入。我们建立了一个基于群体“汇聚”和“发源”的模型,“发源”群体生活在南欧那些在冰川期仍可能有人类存活的地区,而“汇聚”群体则生活在如北欧那些只有在气候温和时期和间冰期人类才有可能存活的地区,西班牙和英国正好分别对应群体“发源”地和“汇聚”地。在我们的模型中,当气候变得恶劣的时候,许多“汇聚”地群体会面临灭绝。我们认为避难所以外地区的灭绝会很频繁,当环境更加恶化时,群体撤退到避难所作为应对“消长”模式的一种选择。在极端的情况下(例如最大冰川期),甚至南欧也变成了一个群体“汇聚”地,由西亚的“发源”群体对其进行补充。
参考文献 References
1.Dennell RW, Martinón-Torres
M, Bermúdez de Castro JM (2010)
Hominin
variability, climatic instability and
population demography in Middle Pleistocene
Europe. Quat Sci Rev, in press.
2.Dennell RW (2009)
The palaeolithic
settlement of Asia. Cambridge : Cambridge
University Press.