COM.on C.A.5:e39/237-239   Online published on Dec.15, 2011.
doi:10.4236/coca.2011.51039
PROCEEDING
 Genetic origin and dispersion of American Indian – from North Asia to New World

Yungang He1, Wei R. Wang1, Ran Li1, Sijia Wang2, Li Jin1,3

1.Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; 2. FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; 3.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Abstract: Divergence time of Native American populations plays a critical role in understanding the initial entry and early dispersion of human being in New World. Previous genetic investigations for Native American provided limited information about the divergence time because a linear correlation between classic genetic coefficients and population divergence time is susceptible in circumstance of multiple populations and significant population size expansion. A novel measure was proposed in this report to measure the genetic divergence time of populations. Computer simulation showed the new measure kept a good linear correlation with population divergence time in complicate multi-population scenarios with population expansion. Utilizing the new measure and microsatellite data of 21 Native American populations, we investigated genetic divergences of the Native American populations. Results showed genetic divergences between North American populations are greater than that between Central or South American populations. None of the divergences, however, is great enough to be a concrete evidence to support the two-wave or multi-wave migration model for the initial entry of human being. Genetic affinity of the Native American populations that was explored by using Neighbor-Net suggested that the populations could be divided into 4 genetic groups without damaging their geographic relationship. Divergence of the population groups implicated early dispersion of human being in America was a multi-step procedure. And the divergences supported that there was a rapid dispersion of Native Americans in the Central and South Americas right after a long-time standstill in North America.

Key words: Genetic divergence, Peopling of America, Native American populations, Prehistorical dispersion

Recieved:  Sep.18, 2011   Accepted: Oct.20, 2011  Corresponding: heyungang@gmail.com

《现代人类学通讯》第五卷e39篇 第237-239页  2011年12月15日网上发行

会议报告

从北亚到新大陆-印第安人群的起源及扩散

何云刚1, 王伟1, 李冉1, 汪思佳2, 金力1,3

1. 中国科学院计算生物学研究所, 中国上海 200031; 2. 哈佛大学FAS系统生物学中心，美国麻省剑桥02138; 3. 复旦大学生命科学学院现代人类学教育部重点实验室，中国上海200433

摘要：各美洲印第安人群体的遗传分歧时间，对于理解早期人类如何进入美洲及在美洲扩散的问题至关重要。传统的遗传距离度量虽然能反映群体分歧时间，但是当遗传情景比较复杂或群体大小存在扩张时，传统的遗传距离与群体分歧时间之间的线性联系不复存在。因此，先前的遗传学研究对美洲印第安人的群体分歧时间了解甚少。本研究发展了一种新的度量用于群体间的遗传分歧。计算机模拟显示这种新的度量即使在复杂的遗传情景和群体扩张的情况下，仍然与群体分歧时间保持很好的线性相关。通过运用这种新方法结合多个美洲印第安人的微卫星（STR）数据，我们调查了美洲印第安人群体的遗传分歧。结果显示北美印第安人的遗传分歧大于中美和南美群体。但是，没有任何群体间的遗传分歧大到足以支持关于人类进入美洲争论中的二次或多次迁移模型。考虑群体的地位位置，印第安群体的遗传联系建议这些群体可以分为四个组。组间的遗传分歧提示人类在美洲的早期扩散可以看作一个多步的过程。而且，在北美停留一段时间后，快速在中美和南美扩散开来。

关键词：遗传分歧；美洲移民；美洲印第安人；史前迁移

 

收稿日期：2011年9月18日  修回日期：2011年10月20日 联系人：何云刚 heyungang@gmail.com


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